- Use the fact that \(\Gamma ( s ) \Gamma ( 1 - s ) = \pi /\) sin πs to prove that
\[ | \Gamma (1 / 2 + i t) | = \sqrt {\frac {2 \pi}{e ^ {\pi t} + e ^ {- \pi t}}}, \quad \mathrm{whenever} t \in \mathbb {R}. \]
Solution
Put \[ s=\frac12+it. \] Then \(1-s=\frac12-it=\overline s\). Since \(\Gamma(\overline s)=\overline{\Gamma(s)}\), \[ \Gamma(s)\Gamma(1-s)=|\Gamma(s)|^2. \] The reflection formula gives \[ |\Gamma(1/2+it)|^2 =\frac{\pi}{\sin\pi(1/2+it)}. \] Now \[ \sin\left(\frac\pi2+i\pi t\right)=\cosh(\pi t) =\frac{e^{\pi t}+e^{-\pi t}}2. \] Therefore \[ |\Gamma(1/2+it)|^2 =\frac{2\pi}{e^{\pi t}+e^{-\pi t}}, \] and taking the positive square root yields \[ \boxed{|\Gamma(1/2+it)| =\sqrt{\frac{2\pi}{e^{\pi t}+e^{-\pi t}}}}. \]