Compute $\pi_1$ — deformation retracts, van Kampen’s theorem, covering spaces, and products.
The theorems — homotopy, van Kampen’s theorem, and the general theory.
Compute $\pi_1$ — deformation retracts, van Kampen’s theorem, covering spaces, and products.
The theorems — homotopy, van Kampen’s theorem, and the general theory.